Endometriosis: Symptoms, Fertility & IVF Treatment

• Reviewed by: IVF Expert
• Jul 13, 2025
• 6 mins read

Period pain is something many women experience. But when that pain is so intense that it makes you miss work, skip school, or cancel plans, it’s not something you should ignore. If your periods feel unbearable, or if you’ve been trying to get pregnant without success, endometriosis might be one possible reason.

In this guide, we’ll talk about endometriosis in clear, simple terms. You’ll understand what it is, why it causes pain, how it can affect pregnancy, and what treatment options are available. The aim is to help you feel informed, supported, and more confident about your body and your choices. 

What Is Endometriosis?

Inside your womb (uterus), there is a soft lining. Every month, this lining grows thicker. If you do not become pregnant, the lining of the uterus sheds during your period.

Endometriosis happens when tissue similar to this lining grows outside the womb. It may grow on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other areas in the pelvis.

This tissue acts like the lining of the womb. It grows and bleeds during your monthly cycle. But it has no way to leave your body. Because of this, it can cause:

• Swelling

• Irritation

• Scar tissue

• Strong pain

Why Endometriosis Can Be Hard to Notice

Many girls grow up hearing that period pain is normal. So when pain becomes severe, they think they just have to tolerate it. Some women visit many doctors before getting a clear diagnosis. The symptoms can look like other problems, which makes it confusing. If your pain feels stronger than what your friends or family describe, it is worth getting checked.

Common Symptoms of Endometriosis

Every woman’s experience is different. Some feel mild discomfort. Others struggle with daily pain. Here are the most common signs:

Severe Period Pain

This is the most common symptom. The pain may:

• Start before your period begins

• Continue even after it ends

• Feel sharp, deep, or heavy

• Not improved with regular pain medicine

Ongoing Pelvic Pain

Pelvic pain is pain in the lower belly. With endometriosis, this pain may:

• Stay even when you are not on your period

• Feel dull and constant

• Sometimes it becomes sharp suddenly

Pain During Intimacy

Some women feel pain during or after sex. This can be emotionally stressful and may affect relationships. Many women feel shy talking about this, but it is an important symptom to share with your doctor.

Pain During Bowel Movements or Urination

If the tissue grows near the bladder or bowel, you may feel pain while passing urine or stool, especially during your period.

Heavy or Irregular Periods

You may notice:

• Heavy bleeding

• Long periods

• Spotting between cycles

Endometriosis causes swelling and irritation inside the pelvis. This may harm the egg, sperm, or embryo.

Some women develop cysts on their ovaries called endometriomas. These cysts can affect egg quality and reduce ovarian reserve over time.
Implantation Problems
Even if fertilization happens, the embryo must attach to the womb. Inflammation may make this harder.
Not every woman with endometriosis becomes infertile. Many conceive naturally. But moderate to severe cases often need medical support.
Can You Have a Healthy Pregnancy with Endometriosis?
Yes, many women with endometriosis have healthy pregnancies. However, depending on severity, there may be a slightly higher chance of:
Miscarriage
Preterm birth
Placenta-related concerns
With proper medical care and monitoring, most pregnancies progress safely. Early treatment and regular checkups improve outcomes.